新生兒的這12個奇怪現象可能會嚇到你?...

臭臭的尿布？是的。無眠的夜晚？當然。這個滿頭疹子，腦袋尖尖的小嬰兒是怎麼了？讓我們和你一起了解這個小寶寶帶給你的最大驚喜。文章來源於英國育兒雜誌 Parents Magazine，從實踐的角度再一次證清楚明瞭科學是無國界的。希望每個即將生產或已生產的新手媽媽們，看過這篇文章後，不會再被新生寶寶的這些奇怪現象嚇到。

By Denise Porretto from Parents Magazine

寶寶的腦袋看起來好奇怪

你想象中的完美嬰兒的圖片是這樣的――圓滾滾，粉嫩嫩，並且如此可愛。如果你剛出生的小嬰兒一入手下手腦袋看起來有點奇怪，像是錐子形的，那是因為他出生時用了幾個小時的時間才擠入你的骨盆。

頭骨打開使得其改變形狀，以契合產道，使寶寶順利經由過程。波士頓兒童醫院新生兒學專家，哈佛醫學院兒科助教，醫學博士Anne Hansen說：“這樣可以免順產過程當中頭骨骨折或大腦損傷。”

寶寶暫時巨魔般的外表還會有其它缺陷。如果他的鼻子有些塌陷，他的鼻骨可能受到了一些擠壓。皮下液體的集聚可能會使他的眼窩凹陷。如果寶寶在出生時使用了產鉗或真空吸引器，寶寶臉上和頭皮上甚至還會有少量淤青。你的寶寶會慢慢地變漂亮，但你要耐心等待，他很快就會變成你想象中的那個天使。

寶寶總是看起來緊張不安的

在你舒適溫暖的子宮中蜷曲了幾個月後，目下當今你的寶寶有足夠的空間可以隨便移動，他的四肢不再有任何束厄侷促。但是在這個新的環境中，他還沒有完全瞭解該如何控制自己的身體，所以稍稍動一下胳膊就變成大幅度搖擺。

嬰兒與生俱來的莫羅氏反射，也稱為驚跳反射：當你的寶寶感覺自己在降落或是受到了驚嚇時，他會突然伸出胳膊，張開手掌，頭使勁向後仰，然後迅速收回胳膊。到三個月左右時這種反射會消失。

不斷髮育的神經系統也會向肌肉釋放過多的電脈衝，這就使得寶寶的下巴或腿部顫抖。過了頭兩週，統統都變得井然有序，寶寶的抖動也會減少。寶寶的大部分顫抖是無需擔心的，但是，如果你的寶寶在有節奏的抖動或是在你動他時寶寶並沒有停止抖動肢體，那你應該帶寶寶去看一下醫生。

寶寶的雞雞這麼大

在你老公大讚你們剛出生的兒子的巨大雞雞時，他應該知道，寶寶雞雞的尺寸與遺傳或是超能力的雄性激素都無關。這種腫脹實際上是由於寶寶在出生過程當中，施加在寶寶身上的壓力以及組織內滯留的液體導致的。

而且，所有的新生兒都會有媽媽的荷爾蒙參與體內循環。這些荷爾蒙使得男寶寶睪丸增大，而女寶寶則會導致其陰脣腫脹。過了這頭幾天的時間，性器官腫脹的情況就會消失。

寶寶總是很餓

在出生的頭幾個星期，你會感覺自己好像在不停的餵養你的寶寶。為了滿足寶寶逐漸增大的胃口，他會用頻繁吃奶這種自然的體式格局來提醒你增加母乳供應量。由於母乳比配方奶粉消化的更快，吸收的更完全，所以母乳餵養的寶寶吃的會更頻繁一些。

當然，不停地餵養是由於小寶寶長得快。在寶寶六個月時，他的體重將是出生時的兩倍，這就需要攝入大量的能量。寶寶的第一個猛長時間出目下當今出生後四到六週的時間，此時寶寶會看起來特別很是貪婪。

《 Your Baby's First Year Week by Week (Fisher Books, 2000)》的作者，婦產科醫生Glade Curtis, M.D指出，需要注意的是，寶寶有時只是需要安撫或是和你親密接觸，而你卻誤解為寶寶餓了。如果寶寶在之前的二到三小時內已經吃過奶了，那你看看抱著他或者用襁褓將寶寶包裹起來能否讓寶寶安靜冷靜僻靜下來。

寶寶的四肢舉動冰涼

在你打開恆溫器或者再給寶寶裹一條毯子之前，摸摸寶寶的身體。如果他的身體溫暖並且呈粉紅色，說明寶寶其實不冷。由於寶寶的循環系統仍在發育中，大部分血液被輸送到需血量最多的重要器官和系統中。

而寶寶的四肢舉動是身體中最後得到血液供應的部分。寶寶的循環系統需要三個月的時間來完全適應子宮外的環境。因此寶寶小小的手指頭和腳趾頭沒有血色並且摸起來涼涼的是正常的。當你的寶寶變得更加活躍好動時，他的循環系統也會有所改善。

寶寶的尿布上有血

引起寶寶睪丸和陰脣腫脹的雌性激素有時也會導致剛出生的女寶寶陰道有帶血的分泌物。如果你看到寶寶的尿布上有少量的血點或些許染色，不用擔心。

Curtis醫生指出，這種小寶寶的“月經期”通常只會持續幾天。實際上，有的看似血跡實際上是濃縮的尿液，當尿布摺疊了許多層時尿液的顏色看起來會相當深。然而，鮮紅色的血液卻是其實不尋常，需要到醫院就診。

寶寶的嘴脣上有水泡

許多新生兒由於過多地吮吸奶瓶或乳頭，嘴脣上會形成哺乳結節或水泡。有的嬰兒一出生時就有水泡，那是因為他在媽媽的子宮裡吮吸手指釀成的。這種吮吸形成的繭不會引起寶寶的不適。

事實上，這種嘴脣上過度生長變硬的皮膚可能會幫助寶寶含住乳頭。而這個繭在幾個月內會自行消失，也有可能會長出消失這樣循環往復地循環。

寶寶的便便看起來像是腹瀉

母乳餵養的寶寶大便是液態不成形的，看起來是深黃色，裡面有些顆粒狀的物質，而吃奶粉的寶寶的便便是棕色的，偏固體一些，質地像是軟軟的冰激凌。

有的寶寶一天可以或許排便十幾次，而有的寶寶一週也拉不了幾次。但只要寶寶體重在增長，而且沒有腹痛或脹氣，那寶寶的排便頻次就算正常的。

尤其當你是母乳餵養時，將正常排便和腹瀉區分隔隔離分散比較困難。母乳餵養的寶寶通常在吃完奶後排便（這就是所謂的胃結腸反射：無論什麼時候乳汁進入胃中，另外一端總會有東西排出。）他們可以或許輕鬆地排便，且大便疏鬆。你一定對你家寶寶正常大便的形狀特別很是熟悉，如果寶寶排便的頻次，數量以及質地變化巨大，那就儘快去看醫生。

寶寶總在打噴嚏

新生兒會經常打噴嚏，但這其實不是因為寶寶凍著了或是生病了。僅是因為寶寶在清潔堵塞的鼻腔和呼吸道以及裡面的灰塵顆粒。打噴嚏也可以或許疏通暫時性堵塞的鼻孔。

Curtis醫生說：“當媽媽餵奶時將寶寶緊貼著媽媽，他的鼻子可能會被壓扁或者一個鼻孔被堵住，喂完奶後，寶寶就會經由過程呼吸或打噴嚏使自己的鼻孔重新打開。”

寶寶的皮膚是片狀的

當你的寶寶侵泡在羊水中時，他的皮膚上覆蓋了一層白色蠟狀的胎脂，被液體環境好好的保護著。但是寶寶一旦暴露在空氣中，而且胎脂也被擦掉，表層皮膚就會脫水起皮。

你的寶寶可能會全身起皮（儘管他的四肢舉動上更明顯）。不要試著去撕掉這些小碎屑，因為你可能會碰掉那些還沒有準備脫落的皮膚。也沒有必要給寶寶塗保溼霜，皮屑剝落的狀況通常維持一到兩週。

寶寶的呼吸很奇怪

像許多新手爸媽一樣，每天晚上你可能會用大部分的時間趴在寶寶的嬰兒床邊上，檢查寶寶是不是還在呼吸。看到寶寶不規律的呼吸，你可能好幾次都被嚇壞了。

但是對於嬰兒來說，呼吸的過程當中稍微停頓一會兒，然後再經過一段急促的呼吸特別很是正常。 Curtis 說：“偶爾的屏息或不息是橫膈（有助於呼吸的肌肉）和神經系統發育的一部分。”呼吸暫停20秒也是正常的。到了寶寶6周大的時候，他的呼吸就會形成一個固定的模式。

當然，你會擔心嬰兒猝死綜合症，你的警覺是特別很是明智的。讓寶寶仰睡，嬰兒床上不要放些軟的被褥和玩具，也不要吸菸。如果你的寶寶曾停止呼吸超過20（停止呼吸的旌旗燈號），或是臉色發青，又或者是渾身無力，那就得尋求醫療幫助。

寶寶的哭聲聽起來總是一樣的

你聽說過媽媽們應該如何僅從寶寶的哭聲中就可以判斷出寶寶是餓了，累了還是需要換尿布了。但是如果你仍不克不及熟練地掌握寶寶的第一語言，你也沒必要擔心。

Hansen醫生說：“隨著時間的推移，你會識別出痛苦悲傷哭泣時的大聲尖叫以及疲勞時的低聲嗚咽。”而寶寶飢餓時的哭聲介於兩者之間，排除某些寶寶在想要立刻吃奶時會叫得歇斯底里（同時聲音洪亮）。

但是在早期，這個小傢伙為何哭其實不重要（有時他會毫無緣由的大哭）。你要做的就是每次都用同樣的關愛來回應他，這才是寶寶真正想要的。

Dirty diapers? Yes. Sleepless nights? Of course. A pimply, pointy-headed newborn -- what's up with that? Let us clue you in on the biggest surprises about little babies.

By Denise Porretto from Parents Magazine

My baby's head looks strange

You envisioned a picture-perfect Gerber baby -- round, rosy, and oh-so-cute. If your newborn's head looks a little strange and cone-shaped at first, that's because he probably spent hours wedged in your pelvis.

Openings in the skull allow it to mold its shape to fit through the birth canal. "This protects against skull fractures or brain injury during a vaginal delivery," says Anne Hansen, M.D., a neonatologist at Children's Hospital Boston and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School.

Other imperfections add to your baby's temporary troll-like appearance. If he slid out on his nose, his nostrils may be a bit squashed. Fluids accumulated under his skin may make his eyes look swollen.

And he may even have a few small bruises on his face and scalp if forceps or a vacuum extractor was used to deliver him. Your baby is a work of beauty in progress. Be patient, and he'll soon become the angel you imagined.

My baby's so jumpy

After spending months curled up in a bag of water inside a cozy, snug womb, your newborn now has all the space in the world to move, with no restrictions on her limbs.

he hasn't quite figured out how to control her body in this new medium, so a small wave of her arm becomes a wide jerky swing. Babies are also born with the Moro, or startle, reflex: When your infant senses she's falling or is startled, she'll suddenly throw out her arms, open her hands, draw her head back, and then quickly bring her arms back in.

This reflex disappears by 3 months. A still-developing neurological system also sends more electrical impulses to muscles than necessary, which can cause your baby's chin to quiver or legs to tremble.

As things become more organized over the first couple of weeks, she'll tend to shake less. Most quivers are nothing to worry about, but see a doctor if your baby's shaking is rhythmic or if a trembling limb doesn't stop when you touch it.

My boy's so big down there

Before your husband takes credit for your newborn son's huge testicles, he should know that neither genetics nor super-powered male hormones played any part in their size.

The swelling is actually a result of pressure exerted on your baby during birth, as well as by fluids trapped in tissue. Also, all new babies still have Mom's hormones circulating in their body. In boys, these hormones enlarge the testicles; in girls, they cause the labia to swell. Genital swelling subsides over the first couple of days.

My baby's always hungry

In the first weeks, it might feel as if you're feeding your infant around the clock. Her frequent demands are nature's way of increasing your milk supply to meet her growing appetite.

Breast-fed babies also tend to eat more frequently, because breast milk is more quickly digested and more completely absorbed than formula.

The reason for the feeding frenzy, of course, is that your little one has a lot of growing to do. She'll double her birth weight in six months, which requires a huge caloric intake. Expect your baby to be particularly ravenous during growth spurts; the first typically occurs between 4 and 6 weeks of age.

Just be careful that you don't misinterpret her cues as hunger when all she may want is comfort or closeness, says ob-gyn Glade Curtis, M.D., author of Your Baby's First Year Week by Week (Fisher Books, 2000). If she has eaten within the last two or three hours, try holding and swaddling her to see if that calms her down.

My baby's hands and feet are cold

Before you crank up the thermostat or wrap your little one in another blanket, feel his torso. If it's warm and pink, your baby isn't chilled. Because his circulatory system is still developing, blood is shunted more often to vital organs and systems, where it's needed most.

His hands and feet are the last body parts to get a good blood supply. It can take up to three months for his circulation to adapt completely to life outside the womb. In the meantime, it's common for his tiny fingers and toes to feel chilly and look pale. As your baby becomes more mobile and active, his circulation will improve.

My baby has blood in her diaper

The same maternal hormones that cause swollen testicles and labia are also responsible for the bloody vaginal discharge that newborn girls sometimes have. Don't worry if you see a small smudge of blood or bit of staining on your baby's diaper in the first weeks of life.

This mini menstrual period usually lasts only a few days, Dr. Curtis says. Sometimes, what looks like blood may actually be concentrated urine, which can look quite dark in the folds of a diaper. Bright red blood, however, is unusual and warrants medical attention.

My baby has a blister on his lips

Many newborns develop a nursing tubercle or blister from vigorous sucking on a bottle or breast. In some cases, the blister is present at birth because of thumb-sucking in the womb.

A sucking callus causes no discomfort to your baby. In fact, the overgrowth of skin stiffens the lip and may make grasping the nipple easier. The callus will disappear on its own in a few months, or it might come and go from day to day.

My baby's poop looks like diarrhea

Breast-fed babies have seedy, mustard-yellow stools that are liquid and unformed, while bottle-fed infants tend to have slightly more solid bowel movements with a brownish color and the consistency of soft ice cream.

Some babies poop a dozen times a day, while others pass stools just a few times a week. As long as your child is gaining weight and has no abdominal pain or bloating, her pooping frequency is fine.

It can be hard to distinguish normal bowel movements from diarrhea, particularly if you're nursing. Breast-fed babies commonly poop after every feeding. (It's called the gastro-colic reflex: Whenever milk goes into the stomach, something comes out the other end.) And their stools are naturally looser.

Your best bet is to become familiar with what's usual for your baby. If the frequency, volume, or consistency changes dramatically, see your doctor.

My baby sneezes all the time

Newborns sneeze a lot, but not because they're cold or sick. It's simply how they clear their nasal and respiratory passages of congestion and airborne particles.

Sneezing also helps reopen a temporarily closed nostril. "When a mom nurses and her baby is pressed up against her, his nose might be flattened or one nostril pushed shut," Dr. Curtis says. "After feeding, the baby will take a breath or sneeze to open his nose again."

My baby's skin is flaky

While your baby was bathing in a lagoon of amniotic fluid, his skin was nicely protected from the watery environment by a coating of white, waxy material called vernix.

But once he's exposed to the air and the vernix is rubbed away, the upper layer of his skin dries out and begins to peel. Your child's entire body may peel (although it's most noticeable on the hands and feet).

Don't try to pick off the flakes -- you might remove skin that's not ready to be shed. Moisturizers aren't necessary either. The flaking usually lasts one to two weeks.

My baby's breathing strangely

Like many new parents, you probably spend a good part of each night bent over the side of your little one's crib, checking to make sure she's still breathing.

And you've probably been freaked out a few times watching her irregular breaths. But it's actually normal for infants to take slight pauses and then go through periods of rapid breathing.

"Occasionally catching or skipping a breath is part of the development of the diaphragm [the muscle that enables breathing] and neurological system," Dr. Curtis says. A pause of up to 20 seconds is considered normal. By the time she's about 6 weeks old, your baby should develop a more regular pattern of breathing.

You worry about SIDS, of course, and you're wise to be vigilant. Put your baby to sleep on her back, keep all soft bedding and toys out of her crib, and don't smoke. If your baby ever stops breathing for longer than 20 seconds (a sign of apnea) or turns blue or limp, seek medical attention.

My baby's cries all sound the same

You've heard how moms are supposed to know instinctively whether their baby's hungry, tired, or in need of a diaper change just from the sound of his cry.

But if you're still not fluent in your baby's first language, don't worry. "Over time, you'll recognize the loud shrieking of the pain cry and the more subdued whimpering of fatigue," Dr. Hansen says. The hunger cry usually falls somewhere in between, although some babies can sound pretty desperate (and loud) when they want to be fed right away.

But in the early days, it doesn't really matter why your little one cries (sometimes he'll howl for no reason at all). You'll still react with the same loving attention each time -- and that's all your baby really wants or needs.

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